fig4

Figure 4. Conceptual mapping of areas of AI research in HPB surgery, stratified by treatment timing. This exercise identified several areas of overlap (dashed arrows) across different divisions, in addition to several areas where AI would be useful for future research (purple free text). CT: Computed tomography; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PHLF: post hepatectomy liver failure; POPF: postoperative pancreatic fistula.